媒体对艺术展的报道:
这个艺术系列的主人公是那些无处不在的“中国制造”标签后的制造者。与那些充斥西方媒体,被描绘成被迫生存在枯燥生产线上的打工妹不同的是:通过这个艺术系列,我们能尊重,鼓励并赞扬中国打工妹充满对生活的美好向往、充满对未来的激情和勤勤恳恳创作美好人生的追求。
预测到2020年,中国将超过美国成为世界经济第一大强国。《中国制造:打工妹》这个跨十年的艺术系列将记录中国从手工业到高科技业再次经济转型的过程中打工女孩儿们的命运与变化,记录中国女性在消费和高科技社会中的变迁。
自2010年始,金翱文花费了两年时间与中国工厂的打工女孩儿们一起生活,并先后对这群16-30岁800多名打工妹进行了采访。实求通过自己的经历和调查去了解这些用双手创造出中国制造业经济奇迹 、却默默无闻面孔后的坚强女性。
此艺术系列将持续到2010年,翱文每年会邀请10-20位打工女孩儿参与到这项作品的行为艺术中。用她们的肢体语言去表达自己独有的个性、梦想和追求。所有的艺术都将用她们自己的手机记录下来,而这些手机将是中国再一次经济革命里中年轻一代女性发展的见证。
通过与这些女孩儿们的共同生活经历、社会调查与学术讨论,金翱文发现这些女孩与大多西方媒体上所描绘的不同。西方对中国的许多报道多停留在上世纪80-90年代,还认为新一代的打工女孩仍然是农村的逃亡者。现在的她们大多已经不是因为贫穷的驱动前往城市打工,而是为了谋求一个改变人生的机会。她们接受过教育、富有雄心和意志坚定,她们努力地工作试图得到城市社会的认可,并受到同等待遇。但是因为中国的户口制度,将她们与城市人口区分,从而很大程度让她们上无法享受到同等的尊重和待遇。
Brixton East美术馆,伦敦,2014年4月
参加本次艺术创作的打工女孩儿们,用她们的生活启发他人。
Brick Lane美术馆, 伦敦, 2013年9月
参加本次艺术创作的打工女孩儿们,用她们的生活启发他人。
Twenty-one-year-old Han Yongxin is from Hubei. She has one older brother and one younger sister.
Yongxin had studied one year in high school before starting work in factories when she was eighteen. Currently, she works in Foxconn making iPhones.
Yongxin spends her wage on clothes and make-up. She rarely has enough money left at the end of each month to send any home.
Yongxin’s idol is her previous boss – a lady who set up her own clothes workshop after years of factory work.
Yongxin’s dream destination is Hong Kong and she loves Hong Kong fashion. Her dream is to become a fashion designer, and her biggest wish right now is to buy a smartphone.
Twenty-one-year-old Kang Jiali is from Henan. She has one older sister and one older brother.
Jiali came to live in the city with her parents at six, and they worked in a factory making computer monitors. When she was nineteen she finished high school and made stuffed toys in a factory. She quit after six months and is currently doing a computing course.
She spends all her money on fashion, and visits shopping malls with her friends every weekend.
Jiali’s idol is her older sister, who started on the factory floor but has had the drive and determination to climb the career ladder.
Jiali’s dream destination is Hong Kong. Her dream is to become a successful career woman. Her biggest wish right now is to complete her course and find an office job in factories.
Twenty-five-year-old He Meijiao is from Sichuan. She has two older brothers.
Meijiao finished junior school and started to work in the factories when she was sixteen. She currently works in a factory making shoes.
Meijiao spends her wages on clubbing, drinking with friends, and going out for meals. She sends money home every month to save up for her future.
Meijiao’s idols are the owners of her current factory. She admires their business and social skills. She admires all successful business people.
Meijiao’s dream destination is Taiwan as she heard that Taiwan has very special street food. Her dream is to run a photo shoot studio, and her biggest wish is to buy her parents nice things and provide them with a high standard of living.
Twenty-two-year-old Li Hongmei is from Yunan. She has two younger sisters.
Hongmei finished junior school and started to work in factories when she was sixteen. She currently works in a factory making Chinese brand mobiles.
Hongmei sends most of her money home. She wants to study English but worries that she is not good enough to complete the course.
Hongmei’s idol is her mother, who is working in a factory to support her family.
Hongmei’s dream destination is Hong Kong. She would like to go there with her family. She wants to run a pre-school in her hometown. Her biggest wish is to make good money so her sisters don’t have to quit school to work in factories.
“虽然行为艺术在中国已经越来越得到大众的接受,但是因为它的自由性大,目前仍然是各种艺术形式中最受争议的一种!”
Eighteen-year-old Lin Ya is from Guangxi. She has one older sister and one younger sister.
This year Lin Ya finished junior school and started to work in the same factory as her mother. They work in a clothes factory.
Lin Ya spends most of her wages on snacks and food. She loves supermarkets, where the endless choices of snacks foods from national and international brands tempt her everyday.
Lin Ya’s idol is her mother – a lady who works tirelessly to raise money for her family.
Lin Ya’s dream destination is Beijing, as she wants to see to the capital of China. Her biggest wish right now is to control her eating and lose some weight.
Twenty-four-year-old Tong Jimei is from Guizhou. She has one older sister and one younger sister.
Jimei finished junior school and started to work in factories when she was sixteen. She currently works in a factory making travel luggage.
Jimei spends her wages on shoes and clothes. She looks after her own savings and doesn’t send any money home.
Jimei’s idols are owners of the Chinese Maotai liquor factories in her hometown, who were once farmers but made their fortunes since the economic boom by producing the most exclusive beverages.
Jimei’s dream destination is Hangzhou – she wants to see the famous scenery. Her dream is to open a liquor factory one day and her biggest wish right now is to buy a smartphone.
Twenty-year-old Lu Qiaoying is from Fujian. She has one older sister and a brother who is the same age as her.
Qiaoying studied two years in junior school. She liked school but had to work in factories from the age of sixteen, so her brother can continue his studies. She now works in a factory making sofas.
Qiaoying loves cute and pretty clothes but she sent most of her money home to contribute to her brother’s school fees.
Qiaoying’s idol is a famous Chinese presenter who also built a media empire. Qiaoying thinks she is an amazing lady making headlines in a man’s world.
Qiaoying’s dream is to run a local shop back in her hometown, where she could be close to her family. Her biggest wish is for her brother to do well after completing his studies at a technical college.
Twenty-two-year-old Wang Guanying is from Yunnan. She has two younger brothers.
Guanying finished primary school and started to work in factories when she was fifteen. She just quit her job in Foxconn after 6 months making iPhones. She has worked very hard in factories for her brothers. Now she is looking for a job that is more interesting, even if it has a lower salary.
Guanying spends her wages on fashion and food. She sends money home every month to support her parents.
Guanying’s idol is her best friend, who quit her job and started to sell goods as a street vendor.
Guanying’s dream destination is Sanya (a Chinese tourist destination). She always sees it on TV. Her dream is to run a little business back home.
“通过与打工妹行为艺术上的合作,我希望把这些女性的生活变成我们谈论艺术的中心点上。艺术不只是中国有钱人的特权,也可以是在社会底层打工妹追求社会平等,与他人分享生活故事的方式。”
Twenty-five-year-old Xiao Hongyan is from Guizhou. She has one older sister and one older brother.
Hongyan finished junior school and started to work in the factories when she was sixteen. She currently works in a factory making small electrical appliances.
Hongyan spends her wages on taking makeup lessons.
Hongyan’s idol is her makeup teacher, who was once a factory girl but has become a professional.
Hongyan’s dream destination is Shanghai, for her, it is the capital of China’s fashion and makeup trendsetters. Her dream is to open her own makeup parlour one day, either in the city or back in her hometown. Her biggest wish right now is to buy an expensive makeup brush set.
Twenty-two-year-old Yuan Li is from Tibet. She has two older sisters and one older brother.
Yuan Li finished junior school and started to work in the factories when she was sixteen. Currently she works in a factory making sofas.
Yuan Li spends most of her wage on clothes and street dance classes. She doesn’t send any money home. Sometimes her parents have to send money to her to cover her expenses.
Yuan Li’s idol is her mother, who worked in factories before setting up her own business back home.
Yuan Li’s dream destination is Hong Kong, where she wants to try her luck in the film industry. Her dream is to become an actress, and her biggest wish right now is to get a new smartphone.
Twenty-year-old Yang Haiyan is from Guangxi. She has one younger sister.
Haiyan studied one year of high school and started to work in factories when she was eighteen. She currently works in a factory making shoes.
Haiyan spends all her time on the Internet. She saved most of her money and is studying a photo-editing course.
Haiyan’s idol is her friend, who left factory to work in photo editing in a photo shoot studio. Her friend inspired and encouraged her to attend photo-editing course.
Haiyan’s dream destination is Europe. She wants to run her own photo studio one day. Her biggest wish right now is to get a high quality smartphone.
Twenty-four-year-old Zhang Qianqian is from Jiangxi. She has one younger brother and one younger sister.
Qianqian finished high school and started to work in factories when she was seventeen. She currently works in a factory making jeans.
Qianqian spends her wages on food and clothes. She sends a small amount of money home every month, which her parents save up for her.
Qianqian’s idol is her aunt, who now runs nail bars after quitting her factory job seven years ago.
Qianqian’s dream destination is Tokyo, where she wants to see all the newest nail fashion. Her dream is to save enough money and open her own nail bar in the city. Her biggest wish right now is to do a nail art design course.
薛欣然 - 记者、广播主持人、作家
中国的经济改革促使写下当今历史上最大规模农民工进城打工的现状。打工者为中国注入了前所未有的能量和动力,为中国迎来了历史上的新篇章。
在过去的30年间,这些来自中国乡村的打工者们如潮水般涌向中国大大小小的城市;他们不仅改变了自己的命运也同样改变了中国的。数据统计,移民打工者数量高达全国人口10%之多。在这一群为中国经济创造奇迹的人中,他们多达几代都在用着廉价的劳动力去承担沉重的工作但同时却享没有享有丝毫的社会保障。当我们看向这一群劳动者们,发现他们的付出和回报毫无平等可言。
30年后的今天,这些进城打工的劳工们在以更加迅猛的速度聚集在城市,他们带来了更多的活力和激情,在不断推动着中国经济今天的发展。
但是,丝毫没有人过多地关心这一圈推动中国经济增长的人们。这个展览是第一次赋予了他们一个国际的舞台让他们的声音和故事可以被众人听到。
马丁·雅克(Martin Jacques) - 作家、电视评论员 & 演讲家
在中国生活的年轻人以非常迅速的速度发生了巨大的改变-例如他们着装和表现的方式。他们变得更自信、更时尚和更自由了。这些都是令我感到震惊的,尤其是那种发自内心的自信。这些年轻人中包括了那些进城打工的劳动者们。因为来自一个完全不同的世界,所以在新的环境里,他们要重新教会自己如何去生存、如何去适应和如何去融入。这个一个非常有趣和耐人寻味的现象。
Dr Reza Hasmath - 牛津大学
在新一代和老一代的进城打工者有着许许多多的不同。
新一代的打工者与其他人群一样,都接受过同等的教育。所以有时是很难将他们与其他人区分。相比较而言,老一代的移民打工者是没有接受过这种系统的教育的。新一代的打工者会更有社会洞察力。我相信在北京、上海这样大城市里的打工者们会更清楚地知道他们应该去哪寻找合适的机会。
当我看着这群年轻的打工者们,我发现他们就是一群来到城市里寻求机会的年轻人。他们生存的环境并没想象中那么糟,他们与那些同样追求梦想,并为之奋斗的其他年轻人无异。
对于老一代的打工者们来说,进城赚钱是为了寄钱回家补贴家用。但对新一代打工者来说,留在城市生活成为他们最大的目标。他们会在城市里找到属于自己的生计。一些人会在同省的大城市里生活,而另一些会走向更远的城市。个人的经济决定了他们的决定,例如那些来自非常贫困家庭的打工者,他们会选择去大城市谋求一份工作,然后把工钱寄回家。不过过去落后的农村如今已慢慢走出了贫困,所以留在家乡或许对他们来说又是一种选择。因此中国现在的打工者与十年前有着非常不一样的变化。
邓钢教授(Dr Kent G. Deng) - 伦敦政治经济学院
中国社会有等级制度,但是这个等级对于每个人都是有机会去改变它的,所以它是相对开放的。只要你在某个领域做出一番成就,社会地位也因此会被改变。自2000年前,中国就有等级变动这一学说,并且也是被孔子所鼓励的。因此我们可以说中国的打工者是一群命运的挑战者。中国不乏那些出身贫寒,从最底层奋斗成社会精英的事例。他们都是来自相对贫困的农村家庭,通过辛勤的努力改变了自我的命运。
中国的打工者完全是自我依靠,因为在中国,并没有任何政府给予帮助的体系和文化。这对于中国仅仅能依靠一些慈善组织的现状仍是令人感到遗憾的。这也致使打工者们拼命地工作,为了就是给自己更多的保障。
中国打工者比我们想象中拥有更好的教育背景。他们许多人熟知社会的热点,尤其是政府的政策和社会条例,因为这些都是与他们切身相关的。他们从家乡来到另一座城市是为了寻求更大的自由。他们渴望在城市里接受教育和生活并且不再返回农村。因为中国人将这些返回起点的人视为失败者。
張彤禾 (Leslie T. Chang) - 《打工妹- 在变化中的中国从乡村走向城市》作者
打工者是农村的精英。他们年轻、接受过良好的教育并比上一代更有进取心…再加上,他们已不再是来自农田而是校园。农活只是他们看着自己父母所做的事。新一代的打工者与自己乡村间的纽带松了,他们返乡的路程也不再根据田里庄稼收割的时间来决定。
"如果我接受了教育后去城里打工,过几年就回老家结婚生孩子,”敏说“那我觉得我这一生就白活了。”走出家乡来到城市工作在工厂里对于他们每个人来说都是一次挑战。而让他们坚持留下的并不是恐惧而是自豪。
打工者与城市人的外表和行为越来越难区分。今天的打工者可以自由支配自己的工资-他们会花在衣服、发型还有手机上-只有在需要的时候才会往家里寄钱。新一代的打工者更有雄心和更不安于现状… 他们所有的比较都已与乡村无关。
Lakshmi Iyer教授 - 哈佛商学院
2012年,中国达到了一项历史上的里程碑,城市居民第一次超过农村人口。中国迅速的城市化和伴随而来的农业用地转向非农业用地也带来了许多有关经济、社会和政治的问题。中国在土地变革后能否满足食物的供给?中央和地方政府能否经受得起财政方面的挑战?那些不断增长的土地抗议者是否会成为中国政治的挑战?城市化进程是否会对私人经济产生过大影响?所以城市化建设对中国的稳定和发展起到了至关重要的作用。